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.zip
ZIP Archive
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed.
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History & Origin
Created by Phil Katz in 1989 for PKZIP to avoid patent issues with the ARC format. It became the de-facto standard for file archiving on Windows.
Internal Structure
A ZIP file identifies files by a central directory located at the end of the file. This allows listing files without reading the entire archive. Each file entry is compressed individually (usually using DEFLATE).
Advantages
- Grouping: Bundles many files into one.
- Compression: Reduces size of text-heavy files significantly.
- OS Support: Native support in Windows and macOS.
Disadvantages
- Corruption: If the central directory is damaged, the whole archive can be lost.
- Security: Standard ZIP encryption is weak (though AES is available).
- Compression limits: Not as efficient as modern formats like 7z or RAR.
Common Use Cases
Software distribution
Email attachments (bundling multiple files)
Backups
Document formats (DOCX, JAR, APK are all ZIPs)
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