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Cascading Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML.
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History & Origin
Proposed by Håkon Wium Lie in 1994. Before CSS, styling was done with HTML attributes (like <font color="red">), which was unmaintainable.
Internal Structure
CSS consists of a list of rules. Each rule has a selector (targeting an element) and a declaration block (properties and values). Examples: `h1 { color: blue; }`.
Advantages
- Separation of concerns: Keeps content (HTML) separate from design (CSS).
- Reusability: One CSS file can style an entire website.
- Power: Can control layout, typography, and animation.
Disadvantages
- Complexity: Large codebases can become hard to manage (hence tools like Sass/Tailwind).
- Global scope: Classes conflict if not named carefully.
- Browser support: New features take time to be supported everywhere.
Common Use Cases
Styling web pages
Layout design (Grid, Flexbox)
Animations and transitions
Responsive design (Media queries)
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